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| 1159 |
| | | Henry the Lion builds a new town at Lübeck, well placed to develop as the centre of the Hanseatic League | |
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| c. 1180 |
| | | The shared memories and legends of Nordic peoples are brought together in a great German epic, the Nibelungenlied | |
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| 1197 |
| | | The three-year old Frederick II has a claim to the thrones of both Sicily and Germany on the death of his father, the emperor Henry VI | |
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| c. 1200 |
| | | German pressure eastwards (the Drang nach Osten) steadily brings colonists into regions previously occupied by Slavs | |
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| c. 1205 |
| | | The story of Parsifal and the Holy Grail becomes the subject of a courtly epic by Wolfram von Eschenbach | |
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| 1220 |
| | | Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman emperor by a somewhat reluctant pope, Honorius III | |
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| c. 1225 |
| | | The Teutonic knights undertake a new form of crusade, attempting to subdue the pagan Prussians who occupy part of the Baltic coast | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | Tannhäuser is one of the Minnesinger, the German equivalents of the French troubadours | |
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| 1254 |
| | | The death of the last Hohenstaufen ruler, Conrad IV, leaves a vacancy on the German throne which is not filled for nineteen years | |
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| 1308 |
| | | The Teutonic knights seize the coastal area round Gdansk, cutting off Poland's access to the sea | |
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